- Title
- Early life programming of pain: focus on neuroimmune to endocrine communication
- Creator
- Zouikr, I.; Bartholomeusz, M. D.; Hodgson, D. M.
- Relation
- Journal of Translational Medicine Vol. 14, Issue 123
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-0879-8
- Publisher
- BioMed Central
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2016
- Description
- Chronic pain constitutes a challenge for the scientific community and a significant economic and social cost for modern societies. Given the failure of current drugs to effectively treat chronic pain, which are based on suppressing aberrant neuronal excitability, we propose in this review an integrated approach that views pain not solely originating from neuronal activation but also the result of a complex interaction between the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. Pain assessment must also extend beyond measures of behavioural responses to noxious stimuli to a more developmentally informed assessment given the significant plasticity of the nociceptive system during the neonatal period. Finally integrating the concept of perinatal programming into the pain management field is a necessary step to develop and target interventions to reduce the suffering associated with chronic pain. We present clinical and animal findings from our laboratory (and others) demonstrating the importance of the microbial and relational environment in programming pain responsiveness later in life via action on hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity, peripheral and central immune system, spinal and supraspinal mechanisms, and the autonomic nervous system.
- Subject
- pain; psychoneuroimmunology; neuroendocrinology; HPA axis; LPS
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1343467
- Identifier
- uon:29178
- Identifier
- ISSN:1479-5876
- Rights
- This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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